Technology is changing warfare at an unprecedented speed, from the increased use of drones in all areas of defense to the use of artificial intelligence for targeting and autonomous weapons. But the lessons run deeper than the buzz of new technology. The war in Ukraine, ongoing conflict in Gaza, and other global conflicts have shown the importance of a trained and motivated defense force with adaptable command systems that empower those on the front line to make decisions. What are the key lessons—for both large and small states—of the past few years of war?

• Michael Kofman, Senior Fellow, Russia and Eurasia Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Zoom)
• Leonid Nersisyan, Senior Research Fellow, APRI Armenia
• Élie Tenenbaum, Director, Security Studies Center, French Institute of International Relations (Ifri)
• Marc De Vore, Senior Lecturer, University of St Andrews
• Moderator: Anahide Pilibossian, Vice President, Strategy and Development, APRI Armenia